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Per molto tempo, dunque, guardare la tv è stato come guardare un nuovo mondo, una scoperta di inestimabile valore. Ma per oltre mezzo secolo, la tv è stata il medium egemone del ‘900 e ha svolto un preciso ruolo sociale, alimentando un’esperienza tanto diffusa quanto condivisa per gli spettatori, riassumibile nella semplice espressione: «guardare la tv». In poco meno di un decennio, grazie ai media digitali, a Internet, la tv ha subito un cambiamento radicale: il passaggio dal tradizionale segnale analogico a quello digitale, per esempio, ha generato nuove dinamiche di fruizione e l’emersione di nuovi immaginari sospesi, come sempre accade, tra l’euforia della scoperta «magica» e il terrore di possibili effetti negativi. Sessant’anni di storia sono molti, moltissimi se rapportati al calendario della tecnologia. Un compleanno che coincide con quello dell’arrivo della tv in Italia. * La RAI, Radiotelevisione italiana, ha compiuto nel 2014 sessant’anni, avendo inaugurato ufficialmente le trasmissioni il 3 gennaio 1954. The articles in this issue discuss Italian television’s sixty-year history from a cultural-history perspective, illuminating several questions that have become crucially important in directing the rapid process of institutionalizing the small screen in Italy and then some of its main subsequent changes. In just under a decade, digital media and the Internet have changed TV radically. Sixty years of history is a great deal, a very great deal in technological timescales. The RAI, Radiotelevisione italiana, turned sixty in 2014, having officially started broadcasting on 3 January 1954. We believe it not only clearly expresses the idiosyncrasy of the Italian national context, but also, more fundamentally, the latter’s connection with the history of the media and of theatre and communication in general, all from a perspective we consider to be original and conducive to further study. This volume (published as an Open Access book) is our gift, as academics, to ourselves and to research on media and communication in Italy. The present work is an anthology of these three volumes, specifically intended for an international readership: it consists of a number of the previously published essays, each of which has been revised, extended and – where necessary – updated. All three volumes are published by Vita e Pensiero. 1979-2012 (“The Media and the Challenge of Convergence.
Eugeni eds., 2015) and the third to I media alla sfida della convergenza. 1945-1978, (“The Media and the Challenge of Democracy. Mosconi eds., 2018) the second to I media alla sfida della democrazia. 1900-1944, (“The Media and the Challenge of Modernity.
The first of these is dedicated to I media alla sfida della modernità. With a great deal of hard work, including the efforts of our entire department, the indispensable technical assistance of our University Press, the economic support of the University and enthusiastic contributions from many scholars at other universities, we were able to publish three volumes on the history of communication and performing arts in Italy.
Whether such boldness stemmed from conceit, ignorance or otherwise, it proved worthwhile. between the history of cinema and that of television, or the history of theatre between that of information, etc.) and propose a benchmark for research in Italian popular culture. Looking back, I marvel at our ability to devise such an ambitious plan one that aimed to transcend the traditional boundaries between academic fields (i.e. Five years ago, our academic community launched the project of which this volume is the provisional culmination: an epic account of the history of media and communication in Italy, from the early Twentieth century to the present day. Its academics specialise in a range of areas from theatre to television, cinema and social media, not to mention the fundamental area of interrelation, from interpersonal and intercultural relationships to humanrobot interaction. The department encompasses multiple and various communication-related expertise, including semiotics, cultural and audience studies, sociology and historiography. All of us in the Department are heirs to a long and glorious tradition of study dating back to the inauguration of Italy’s first journalism school in the late Fifties, followed by the establishment of the Scuola Superiore di Comunicazioni Sociali (now ALMED or Alta Scuola in Media, Comunicazione e Spettacolo, the “Advanced School of Media, Communication and Performing Arts”) and the Istituto di Scienze della Comunicazione e dello Spettacolo (“Institute of Communication and Performing Arts Studies”), which became the Department in 1999. In 2019, the Department of Communication and Performing Arts at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano celebrates its 20th anniversary.
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